Introduction to C#: A Beginner's Guide

What is C#?

C# (pronounced as "C sharp") is a modern, versatile, and object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. It is a key component of the .NET framework, providing a powerful and robust platform for building various types of applications, from desktop software to web applications and mobile apps.

Key Features of C#

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):

C# is designed around the principles of Object-Oriented Programming, which promotes the organization of code into modular units called classes. This approach encourages code reuse, enhances maintainability, and supports the creation of complex software systems.

2. Type-Safe Language:

C# is a statically-typed language, meaning that variable types are explicitly declared at compile-time. This ensures type safety, reducing the likelihood of runtime errors related to data types.

3. Automatic Memory Management:

C# utilizes a garbage collector that automatically manages memory, eliminating the need for developers to manually allocate and deallocate memory. This simplifies memory management and reduces the risk of memory-related issues.

4. Cross-Language Integration:

C# is designed to work seamlessly with other languages in the .NET ecosystem, providing interoperability with languages like Visual Basic .NET, F#, and managed C++. This allows developers to choose the language that best suits their needs while still leveraging the benefits of the .NET framework.

Getting Started with C#: Your First Program

Let's walk through a simple C# program to get you started. We'll create a classic "Hello, World!" example.

using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
}
}

Explanation on this program:

• using System; imports the System namespace, which includes essential classes for input/output operations.
• class Program defines a class named Program.
• static void Main() is the entry point of the program, where execution begins.
• Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!"); prints the text "Hello, World!" to the console

How to Compile and Run a C# Program

To run this program, follow these steps:

1. Install .NET SDK:
   Ensure that you have the .NET SDK installed on your system. You can download it from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download.

2. 
   

3. Create a C# File:
   Save the C# code above in a file with a .cs extension, for example, HelloWorld.cs.

4. 
   

5. Open a Terminal or Command Prompt:
   Navigate to the directory containing your C# file.

6. 
   

7. Compile and Run:
   Execute the following commands:

dotnet build -o out

dotnet out/HelloWorld.dll

Congratulations! You've just written and executed your first C# program.